Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment and Importance of Early Intervention

NEWS WAVE INDIA: Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by periods of depression and abnormally elevated mood. It affects nearly 1% of the global population, commonly starting between the ages of 20-25. Individuals with bipolar disorder often experience swings between a ‘manic’ and ‘depressive’ phase, which can be disabling and lead to a heavy toll on social life, relationships and professional domains.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is linked to various factors such as disrupted sleep patterns, alcohol/cannabis addiction, extreme stress, and impaired daily schedule. Imbalance in neurotransmitter levels in the brain areas responsible for mood, energy, sleep and functioning as well as impaired nerve-to-nerve signaling in these areas can all lead to Bipolar Disorder.

Treatment for bipolar disorder includes a holistic approach with the use of mood-stabilizing medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. However, the success of treatment depends on the ‘phase’ of illness, with medication sometimes needed to be continued for a long time, or even throughout life.

Early intervention is crucial for bipolar disorder, as it allows for timely treatment to prevent a mood episode from escalating further. Family members should be aware of the signs and symptoms, such as easy irritation, disturbed sleep, increased talking, overspending, change in behavior patterns, reduced social interaction, problems in focusing, feeling or perceiving ‘weird’ sensation, etc. Seeking prompt professional help is essential to prevent disability.

On this World Bipolar Disorder Awareness Day, it is important to spread awareness about the illness and promote early intervention. With timely treatment and support, individuals with bipolar disorder can manage the illness and prevent disability.